• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    The device for treating a water flow comprises a chamber (1) through which the water flow flows. In the chamber (1), two electrodes (15a, 15b) are supplied with a voltage of alternating polarity to at least one electrolysis device, whereby particles of the electrode material are released into the water flow and carried away by it. The particles are mixed in the water flow in at least one nozzle (45) of a swirling device.
    公开号:CH717224A2
    申请号:CH01233/20
    申请日:2020-09-29
    公开日:2021-09-15
    发明作者:Hüther Fabio
    申请人:Fabio And Markus Colloid Eng Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment. The subject of the invention is a device and a method for treating a water flow according to the preambles of claims 1 and 10.When producing drinking water, it must be ensured that it does not contain any pathogenic germs and that the salt content is less than 0.1%.Various processes can be used to treat water, depending on the respective requirements. Examples of such processes are a) Filtration, in particular micro-, ultra- and nanofiltration. Filtration can remove particles from the water that are larger than the pore size of the respective filter. When drinking water is obtained, ultrafiltration can also separate pathogenic germs. b) Reverse osmosis to remove salts. c) Disinfection, in particular by adding chlorine, chlorine dioxide, sodium hyperchlorite or ozone or by UV radiation to reduce infectious germs. In the so-called dead-end filtration, the water to be cleaned (feed) is pressurized against a filter membrane or membrane pressed. Particles that are larger than the pores of the membrane are retained by the membrane as retentate. The purified water or, in general, the permeate flows off the other side of the membrane. The Retenat accumulates on the inflow side. Therefore, filters must be replaced or cleaned at regular intervals. A permanent, continuous operation of such systems is not possible.With tangential flow filtration, also known as cross-flow or cross-flow filtration, the water flow to be cleaned (feed) flows under pressure tangentially along one surface of the membrane. On the opposite other surface of the membrane, part of the water flow emerges as purified permeate. The remaining part of the supplied water flow is discharged as retentate with a higher particle concentration. Filtration according to the tangential flow principle can take place continuously, as the retained particles are continuously removed with the retentate flow. The efficiency of this process is limited, however, since a non-negligible portion of the water flow (feed) is discharged again as retentate and thus cannot be used as purified permeate. To prevent recontamination of drinking water in distribution networks, chlorine can be added to this drinking water, e.g. using suitable chlorination processes. Chemical contamination of the water by chlorine may only occur within permitted limit values. Chlorinated water is odor and taste not neutral.
    From EP0114364A1 a system for sterilizing water is known. Filtered water flows through a flow meter and an oxidation chamber with electrodes. Here, depending on the composition or the impurities in the water, active oxygen, chlorine and / or other oxidizing substances are generated. The water then flows through a chamber with silver electrodes. An electronic control regulates the electrolytic current between the electrodes depending on the water flow so that silver ions are generated in direct proportion to the water flow. In a further chamber with silver-activated carbon, microbes are then destroyed in an oligodynamic process and filtered out together with excess silver particles.
    The system described in EP0114364A1 is comparatively complex. Microbes and silver particles are retained in the filter chamber with activated carbon. The oligodynamic process, i.e. the destruction of the microbes, essentially takes place in the filter chamber. The activated carbon or the filter in the filter chamber must be replaced or regenerated regularly. If the purified water is fed into a distribution network, it must be ensured that no further contamination can take place there.
    It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for the improved treatment of drinking water.This object is achieved by a device and by a method for treating a water flow according to the features of patent claims 1 and 10.
    The device comprises a chamber with an inlet opening and with an outlet opening, which can be connected to a supplying and a discharging pipe section of a water pipe. Water flowing in the water line flows through the inlet opening into the chamber, the wall of which defines a flow channel, and flows out again through the outlet opening. The chamber comprises at least one electrolysis device with two spaced electrodes and a swirl device.
    Each electrolysis device is intended to electrochemically deliver particles of the electrode material to the water flowing through the chamber. The electrodes are in direct contact with the water flowing through the chamber.
    The electrodes of each electrolysis device can be made from the same or from different materials, for example from metals such as silver or copper or from alloys with these metals. The electrodes can, for example, be designed as plates arranged at a distance from one another, the space between the plates delimiting a flow space for the water flow. In the case of arrangements with several electrolysis devices, these electrolysis devices can be arranged one after the other and / or next to one another in the flow direction of the water. In one possible configuration, two electrolysis devices are arranged one after the other, one of these electrolysis devices comprising two electrodes made of copper or a copper alloy, and the other electrolysis device comprising electrodes made of silver or a silver alloy. Modules with the same or different electrodes can easily be combined with one another according to the respective requirements at a location.In a further possible configuration, for example, electrode plates of two electrolysis devices can be arranged parallel to one another. In particular, these electrolysis devices can comprise a common middle plate, the mass or thickness of which is preferably greater than that of the two outer plates. The electrodes can all be made from the same material or from different materials. Arrangements with several plates arranged in parallel next to one another take up little space and are particularly efficient. The effective electrode area is large in relation to the volume used. Because of the comparatively small distance between the electrodes, operation with lower voltages is possible.
    Because of the strong antimicrobial effect, silver and / or copper are preferably used as electrode material to kill germs. Silver has a particularly high antimicrobial spectrum of activity. The smallest silver particles, also called nanosilver, can penetrate cell walls and cell membranes and work inside cells. The smallest silver particles can also attach to viruses and suppress their binding to host cells. Additionally or alternatively, electrodes can also be made of other metals, e.g. tin, iron, bismuth or gold. Lead and mercury also have an oligodynamic effect. Taking into account various factors such as toxicity, effectiveness, availability and costs, e.g. when treating drinking water, silver, but also copper, are preferred electrode materials.Alternatively or additionally, electrodes made of other materials can be used to enrich the water flow with other substances, e.g. to mineralize it with trace elements such as calcium and / or magnesium. In different applications such as desalination systems, water treatment systems in swimming pools or medicinal baths and systems for the treatment of drinking water or water for agricultural applications, the desired water quality can be provided in each case.
    In each electrolysis device, an electrical voltage provided by an associated voltage source is applied to the pair of electrodes. This creates an electrolytic current in the water between the respective electrodes. Among other things, positively charged cations and positively charged and / or neutral particles of the electrode material are released into the water at the anode. The positively charged ions and particles in the water are attracted to the negatively charged cathode by the Coulomb force. The proportion of the speed in the direction of the cathode depends on the voltage between the electrodes and on the type of charged particles. Charged and neutral particles are also carried away by the water flow.Preferably, the voltage source provides a voltage with alternating polarity, for example an alternating voltage of less than 50VAC with a frequency in the range of about 50 to 60Hz. Due to the changing polarity, each of the electrodes acts alternately as an anode and a cathode. This prevents or minimizes deposits on the electrodes due to reduction or oxidation.
    At least in the case of some of the ions or charged particles emitted by an electrode, the charge is neutralized again due to the alternating polarity of the electrodes. A renewed accumulation of these parts on the electrode is additionally prevented or at least made more difficult by the water flow.
    Various parameters affect the release of particles and ions from the respective anode to the water flow. Properties such as the type and amount of ions and particles released per unit of time can be influenced by suitable selection and / or changes to the values of such parameters.
    The polarity of the voltage applied to the electrodes determines the direction of the electrolysis current. A higher voltage between the electrodes and / or a smaller distance between the electrodes result in a higher electrolysis current. The waveform or, in general, the change in the electrode voltage over time also has an effect on the detachment of ions and particles from the electrodes. In particular, by specifying a voltage function, i.e. an electrode voltage as a function of time, the mean size or the size spectrum and / or the charges of detached particles can be influenced. In the case of silver or copper electrodes, for example, when a voltage is applied, not only individual silver cations (Ag +) or copper cations (Cu ++) are released as water. Depending on the forces acting in each case, electrically neutral and / or charged nanoparticles with several silver or copper atoms or compounds with silver or copper atoms are torn out of the electrode that acts as an anode. Typically, the size of such particles is on the order of about 1 nm to about 100 nm. The number of atoms of such particles is on the order of about 1000 to about 10E9. Liquid dispersions with such particles are also referred to as colloidal silver or copper.
    The frequency of the polarity change of the electrode voltage as well as the size and the charge of emitted particles affect the average length of the path that these particles travel across the water flow in the direction of the complementarily charged electrode.
    Geometric parameters such as the size and distance of effective electrode surfaces that are in contact with the water, as well as the free flow cross-section limited by these electrode surfaces, also have an effect on the release of ions and particles to the water flow. In the case of plate-shaped electrodes, for example, the electrical field strength between the plates can be increased by a smaller plate spacing and the flow cross-section for the water can be reduced with otherwise constant dimensions. On charged particles that have been released into the water flow, the larger electric field causes a larger force in the direction of the respective complementary electrode, and the larger flow speed of the water produces a larger force in the flow direction of the water.
    With a given electrode spacing, the path covered by charged particles in the direction of the complementarily charged electrode can be reduced by increasing the frequency of the polarity change and / or reducing the electrode voltage. After the polarity change, charged particles migrate back in the direction of the electrode from which they were released into the water. For those particles that come close enough to this electrode again, the charge is transferred back to the electrode. Since the particles continue to be carried away by the flow of water, they can no longer attach to the electrode.
    Adjacent to the electrodes, the water stream now comprises colloidal silver or copper. As an alternative or in addition, other materials could also be delivered electrochemically to the water flow.
    The swirling device comprises one or more nozzles which influence the water flow and thereby in particular cause the colloids to be mixed in the water flow. Each nozzle preferably comprises at least one inlet channel, which opens transversely to the main flow direction, preferably tangentially into a swirl space. The flow velocity of the water flow can be increased locally through narrow points in the area of the inlet channels. The vertebral space preferably has a rotationally symmetrical cross section. When the water flow is introduced tangentially into the vortex space through the inlet ducts at high flow velocity, turbulent flows are formed due to eddies. As a rule, speeds of over 1000min <-1> to over 100000min <-1> are achieved. This causes the water to be degassed. Due to the forces and pressure conditions acting during the swirling, in particular dissolved carbon dioxide, CO2, which is bound as carbonic acid, can be discharged as a gas. By swirling the water, the structure of dissolved calcium compounds can be changed directly and / or indirectly due to the changed carbonic acid content. This effect can also be used without electrolysis equipment to prevent limescale deposits, make it more difficult or even gradually dissolve them.When the water is swirled, the probability of interactions between particles in the water flow increases. In particular, larger particles can be broken down into smaller particles, e.g. in the event of a collision.
    Preferably, for example, one or more permanent magnets are arranged in the area of each nozzle in such a way that the flow of water crosses the resulting magnetic field of these magnets when or after passing through the nozzles. Charged particles and ions are additionally deflected or accelerated in different directions when crossing the magnetic field due to the acting Lorenz forces. In the case of polar particles, the magnetic field causes torques, and in the case of electrically conductive particles a voltage is induced, which in turn results in a torque acting on the particles when these particles are moved through the magnetic field.Due to the interaction of the magnetic field with charged, polar and electrically conductive particles, the kinetic velocity and energy distribution of these particles is influenced. Larger particles are broken down into smaller particles, e.g. through collisions. By breaking down larger silver and copper particles into smaller particles, the number of these particles is increased. Since smaller particles also have an antimicrobial effect, increasing the concentration of the colloidal particles increases their effectiveness for the same mass.The swirling of the water and its influence by the magnetic field also have an effect on substances such as calcium and magnesium carbonate or chemical compounds in general, which can group together to form crystal structures, especially salts with ionic bonds. The formation of crystal nuclei and crystals is prevented or at least made more difficult, e.g. by molecular vibrations or due to the impulses and angular momentum or the movement of particles. Crystal nuclei that are already of a certain size can be broken down into smaller particles, e.g. through collisions with other particles, in particular through collisions with colloidal particles. This effect is advantageous in the provision of drinking water and in the provision of water in agriculture.
    The invention is described in more detail below with the aid of a few figures. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a device for treating a water flow, FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a chamber section with an electrode arrangement, FIG. 3 shows a side view of the electrode arrangement from FIG. 2, FIG. 4 shows four different voltage functions for controlling the electrodes, FIG 6 a nozzle of the swirl device in side view, FIG. 7 an outflow-side axial view of the nozzle from FIG. 6, FIG. 8 a longitudinal section of a further device for treating a water flow, FIG. 9 a first chamber section of the device from FIG. 8, FIG. 10 a holder with electrodes of the device from FIG 11 an adapter with sensor elements.
    FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of an exemplary embodiment of a device for treating a water flow. The device comprises a chamber 1 with an inlet opening 3 and an outlet opening 5, which can be connected to an inlet and an outlet pipe section of a water pipe. The chamber 1 is preferably composed of several sections which are connected to one another in a suitable manner, e.g. by means of fittings and / or internal and external threads, in a tight and pressure-resistant manner. Joints between adjacent sections can include additional sealants such as O-rings if necessary. The individual sections of the chamber wall can in particular be designed to be essentially rotationally symmetrical with cylindrical and / or conical regions and be arranged coaxially along a common chamber axis A. As a result of this modular structure, different chambers 1 can easily be put together according to the respective requirements. The walls of the chamber sections delimit a flow space or a flow channel for the water. The inlet opening 3 is preferably formed at the end of an inlet pipe 7 and the outlet opening 5 at the end of an outlet pipe 9, which can be connected to the respective pipe section of the water pipe by suitable known connection techniques. The main flow direction of the water is shown by the arrows P1. The chamber 1, adjoining the inlet pipe 7, preferably comprises a first adapter 11a which, for example, can comprise a conical section for expanding or enlarging or in general for adapting the area of the flow cross-section. At both ends, the adapter 11a preferably has an internal thread as a connecting means for connecting to corresponding connecting means on the inlet pipe 7 and on an adjoining chamber section 13a. A further chamber section 13b, a further adapter 11b and the outlet pipe 9 are connected to one another in an analogous manner.Two electrodes 15a of a first electrolysis device are arranged in the first chamber section 13a. These are made from a first material, e.g. fine silver or fine copper. The electrodes 15a are preferably bodies with at least approximately flat contact surfaces such as plates or bars. The electrodes 15a are held at a distance from one another in the chamber section 13a in such a way that they delimit a section of the flow channel.
    FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the chamber section 13a with the electrode arrangement, and FIG. 3 shows an enlarged detailed view of the electrode arrangement. In devices that are intended for installation in 3/4 inch water pipes, the approximately cuboid electrodes 15a can, for example, have a length L1 = 49.7mm, a width L2 = 28.5mm and a height L3 = 7mm. In this embodiment, the two electrodes 15a are fastened in an annular holder 17 at a distance L4 of approximately 17 mm from one another. The holder 17 is made of a food-grade material, for example a polyamide. It can be in one piece or, alternatively, in several parts, for example composed of two ring halves. In the case of multi-part embodiments, the parts can be connected to one another by suitable joining techniques such as ultrasonic welding or by means of snap-in elements. The holder 17 comprises a central axial recess 19 with a central section 19a with a rectangular cross-section and two outer rectangular sections 19b adjoining it. The total length L5 of these sections 19a, 19b corresponds to the sum of the two electrode heights L3 and the mutual distance L4 between the two electrodes 15a. The length and the width of each of the outer sections 19b essentially correspond to the width L2 and the height L3 of the electrodes 15a.Optionally, a sealing plate or an elastic sealing element can additionally be arranged between the electrodes 15a and the adjoining surfaces of the holder 17 (not shown). The total length L5 of the central recess 19 is possibly increased as a result.
    In the area of the outer sections 19b, the width of the recess 19 corresponds to the width L2 of the electrodes 15a. In the middle section 19a, the recess 19 preferably has a slightly smaller width L6. By means of shoulders 21 at the boundaries of the outer sections 19b to the middle section 19a of the recess 19, electrodes 15a mounted in the outer sections 19b can be held parallel to one another at a distance L4.Each electrode 15a comprises a threaded bore 23. This is preferably arranged in a blind hole which is only accessible from one of the two main sides. Alternatively, the threaded hole 23 can also be formed continuously.The electrode arrangement is firmly connected to the wall of the chamber section 13a by means of two screws 25 or threaded bolts, which are inserted through corresponding bores 27, 29 on the holder 17 and on the chamber section 13a and screwed into the threaded bores 23. In this case, each electrode 15a is attached to the holder 17bzw by the holding force of the respective screw 25. possibly pressed against a sealing element arranged between the holder 17 and the electrode 15a. The screws 25 are preferably made of stainless steel. The space between the bores 27, 29 is sealed watertight, for example with an epoxy resin or a silicone sealant. Alternatively, the seal can also be made using a compression fitting with an elastic sealing element such as a rubber ring.Electrical connection lines 31 for the electrodes 15a are made electrically conductive, for example by means of cable lugs 33 with the screws 25 or. Threaded bolt connected. The walls of the chamber sections 13a are preferably flattened in the area of the bores 29 on the outside. An electrically insulating disk 35 has the effect that the cable lugs 33 are in electrical contact only with the respective screws 25, but not with the wall of the chamber section 13a.
    The holder 17 rests tightly against the inside of the wall of the chamber section 13a. The wall of the chamber section 13a preferably comprises a shoulder 37 on the inside (FIG. 1). In particular, the inside diameter of the chamber section 13a in an upstream section can be slightly, i.e. for example approximately 0.5 to 1 mm larger than in the section adjoining downstream. The holder 17 with the electrodes 15a can be pushed into the chamber section 13a up to the shoulder 37 on the upstream side. The shoulder 37 serves as a stop for the holder 17 and holds it in the desired position. This makes it easier to fasten the holder 17 to the wall of the chamber section 13a.Additionally or alternatively, the holder 17 can be sealed with a sealing means with respect to the wall of the chamber section 13a. In particular, the holder 17 can comprise circumferential ribs on its periphery, which act as a labyrinth seal (not shown).
    The electrodes 15a and the holder 17 together form a constriction or constriction of the flow channel in the interior of the chamber section 13a. In the embodiment described, the free flow cross-section is in the order of magnitude of about 0.5 to about 1.5 times the flow cross-section of the inlet pipe 7.In alternative embodiments of the device, the flow velocity of the water in the area of the electrodes 15a can be increased or decreased, for example by decreasing or increasing the distance L4 between the electrodes 15a. For example, if the electrode spacing L4 is smaller by a factor of 10, the average flow velocity of the water is increased by this factor, which makes it even more difficult for particles to deposit on the electrodes 15a. A smaller electrode spacing L4 also brings about an increase in the electrical field between the electrodes 15a with the electrode voltage remaining the same. Higher electric fields cause higher forces transverse to the main flow direction P1 on charged ions and particles between the electrodes 15a.In further alternative embodiments, each electrolysis device can comprise a plurality of electrode pairs. The shape, size, arrangement and fastening of electrodes 15a, 15b in a chamber section 13a, 13b can be adapted in each device according to the respective requirements. In particular, values specified for 3/4-inch water pipes can be adjusted by scaling for water pipes with other diameters.
    A voltage source 39a is connected to the electrodes 15a via the connection lines 31. The voltage source 39a can provide a voltage with periodically or generally according to a predetermined pattern of alternating polarity. The polarity change can take place in particular with a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz of a supply network. In simple embodiments of the device, the electrodes 15a can be operated directly with the mains voltage transformed to a permissible value of, for example, 48VAC. Optionally, the current can be limited e.g. by means of an ohmic resistor connected in series in the circuit, whereby this resistance can preferably be set continuously or in steps, e.g. in a range from 1kOhm to 10kOhm.The electrolysis current can preferably be controlled or regulated as a function of the water flow. In simple embodiments of the device, a flow monitor can be provided for this purpose. This includes a switch that is only closed when the volume flow of the water exceeds a predetermined minimum value. The switch can, for example, be arranged on the primary side or on the secondary side of a transformer of the voltage source 39a.In further embodiments, the device can comprise an electronic control 41 which enables a more refined control or regulation of the electrode voltage UE and / or the electrolysis current.The controller 41 can e.g. comprise a sensor arrangement 43 which, in addition or as an alternative to the flow monitor, has one or more sensors for detecting one or more of the following measured variables:Flow velocity or flow rate of the waterWater temperatureWater hardness, especially the proportion of Ca and / or Mg ionsContamination level. This can, for example, be recorded directly by a sensor or alternatively, e.g., by means of a selector switch, it can be specified as an adjustable default value.Electrode currentThe controller 41 preferably comprises a microcontroller which records the measured variables and processes them into control variables for an actuator or a driver according to predetermined regulations or regulations stored as a program, with which the electrode voltage UE and / or the electrode current are influenced. In particular, an arrangement with one or more field effect transistors FET can be used as the actuator.The controller 41 can, for example, be designed to provide a voltage signal UE (t) with periodically alternating polarity and thereby increase the peak values Umax or -Umax and / or the duty cycle, i.e. the ratio of pulse duration T1 to period duration T as a function of the volume flow of the water steer.
    Figure 4 shows an example of four possible functions for the voltage signal or the electrode voltage UEin as a function of time t, namely a) a sine function, b) a sine function with phase control, c) a sawtooth function and d) a signal with square pulses. For all functions, the values of the positive and negative peak voltage values Umax and -Umax can be fixed. Alternatively, the controller 41 can change or adapt the peak voltage values Umax or -Umax, for example as a function of the conductivity of the water and / or the respective electrode spacing L4.The period T or the frequency f = 1 / T of the alternating voltage U (t) can also be fixed or changeable by the controller 41, e.g. depending on the electrode spacing L4 and / or the peak voltage values Umax or -Umax.By superimposing an alternating voltage signal with a direct voltage or with another alternating voltage that has a comparatively low frequency of e.g. 0.01Hz to about 10Hz, the proportion of charged particles that are carried away by the water flow can be controlled, in particular increased, if necessary.
    As shown in FIG. 1, the device can comprise one or more further chamber sections 13b, each with a further electrolysis device. The structure is essentially the same as in the first chamber section 13a, with the electrodes 15b of the electrolysis device in the further chamber section 13b generally being made of a different material, for example fine copper, if the electrodes 15a in the first chamber section 13a are made of fine silver, or vice versa.Analogous to the electrodes 15a in the first chamber section 13a, the controller 41 also controls the preferably galvanically separated control of the electrodes 15b in the further chamber section 13b by means of a further actuator. The parameters for controlling the further electrodes 15b can preferably be set individually independently of those of the first electrolysis device. As a result, the amount of electrode material electrochemically released into the water flow per unit of time can be controlled individually for each pair of electrodes. If the electrodes 15b of the second electrolysis device are controlled with an alternating voltage of the same frequency as the electrodes 15a of the first electrolysis device, the mutual phase position of these alternating voltage signals is preferably set offset by a default value of e.g. half a wavelength.In further alternative embodiments, one or more electrolysis devices can comprise more than two electrodes and / or electrodes made of different materials.
    In addition to the electrolysis device or devices, a swirl device is arranged in the chamber 1, which swirls the water flow. Turbulences bring about a better mixing and distribution of the particles emitted by the electrodes 15a, 15b.In the embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 1, the swirling device is arranged immediately downstream of the electrolysis devices. It comprises one or more nozzles 45 which deflect at least part of the water flow transversely to the main flow direction P1 and / or accelerate it locally. In the case of turbulence devices with several nozzles 45, these can be arranged in parallel and / or in series.
    FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the swirling device from FIG. 1. Of a total of three nozzles 45 which are screwed into threaded bores on a nozzle carrier 47 in the form of a cylindrical disk, two are visible. Each of the nozzles 45 is sealed off from the nozzle carrier 47 with an O-ring 49 as a sealing element. The outer diameter D1 of the nozzle carrier 47 is preferably matched to the upstream larger inner diameter D2 of the second adapter 11b that it can be connected to the second adapter 11b by being pressed into the upstream opening of the second adapter 11b. Alternatively, the parts could also include threads for screwing, for example. The nozzle carrier 47, the wall of the chamber 1 and the inlet pipe 7 and the outlet pipe 9 can be made of non-magnetic free-cutting steel 1.4404 or 1.4404, for example. V4A be made.For devices that are intended for installation in 3/4-inch water pipes, D1 and D2 e.g. are in the range from approximately 40 mm to approximately 60 mm and in particular are approximately 53 mm, and the nozzles 45 preferably have a 1/2-inch external thread for screwing into corresponding threaded bores of the nozzle carrier 47.In the case of 3/4 inch water pipes, which are common in building services, the volume flows of the water are typically in the order of magnitude of about 1 liter per minute to about 50 liters per minute. For other applications, in particular for those with larger volume flows of up to about 150 liters per minute or up to 1000 liters per minute, the diameter of the pipes and the dimensions of the device can be appropriately scaled.
    FIG. 6 shows a single nozzle 45 from FIG. 5 in a side view, FIG. 7, seen from the side of the outlet pipe 9, looking against the main flow direction P1.In an upstream section, the nozzle 45 comprises a cylinder jacket 51 which delimits a swirl space. The upstream end of the cylinder jacket 51 is closed by an inflow cap 55 which, for example, has the shape of a conical jacket. The cylinder jacket 51 comprises at least one, preferably three inlet bores 53, which open transversely to the main flow direction P1, preferably tangentially, into the vortex space. In an inflow-side section, the swirl space has a minimum internal diameter D4. In a funnel-like section on the outflow side, the free flow cross section widens towards an outlet opening 57 up to a maximum internal diameter D5. In the case of the nozzle 45, the water flow is divided into partial flows, which are deflected through the inlet bores 53 and introduced tangentially into the vortex space from different directions. The partial flows are brought together again in the vortex space. As shown in FIG. 7, the inlet bores 53 can open into the swirl space with the same direction of rotation. As a result, the mean rotational component of the water flow exiting from the nozzle 45 at the outlet opening 57 becomes a maximum.
    In the outflow-side section, the wall of the nozzle 45 comprises at least one, preferably four evenly distributed on the outside arranged blind hole-like recesses 59. In each of these recesses 59, a permanent magnet 61 is arranged, for example a cylindrical neodymium magnet, for example, a diameter of about 4mm and a thickness of about 2mm. The remanence of such a magnet 61 can, for example, be in the order of magnitude of 0.8T to 1.5T.
    The nozzles 45 are preferably made from an iron-containing alloy, for example from aluminum bronze such as CuAl10Ni5Fe4. This causes the magnets 61 to be held in the recesses 59 by magnetic attraction. This makes it easier to insert the magnets 61 into the recesses 59. The magnets 61 are all attached to the nozzle 45 with the same polarity, i.e. either all south poles or all north poles of the magnets 61 are aligned radially inwards or radially outwards with respect to the nozzle axis.
    Ranges of values and values for dimensions are given below which are suitable for a device which is intended for installation in 3/4-inch water pipes. Outside diameter D3 of the cylinder jacket 51: about 12mm to about 18mm; Wall thickness of the cylinder jacket: about 2.5mm to about 3.5mm or inner diameter D4 of the cylinder jacket 51: about 5mm to about 13mm; Diameter of the inlet bores 53: about 2mm to about 5mm, in particular 3mm to 3.5mm, e.g. 3.3mm; The maximum outside diameter D5 of the outlet opening 57 is e.g. about 1mm to about 3mm smaller than the outside diameter of the nozzle 45 at the outlet opening 57. The magnets 61 are preferably cylindrical with a height of about 2mm and a diameter of about 4mm.Such turbulence devices can in particular be used in combination with one or two electrolysis devices whose electrodes 15a, 15b are controlled with an alternating voltage whose effective value is less than 48V and whose frequency is e.g. in the range from 10Hz to 10kHz.For other applications such as the treatment of salty or otherwise contaminated water to useful water for plants, the device can be adapted in a suitable manner, e.g. by changing geometric dimensions, shapes, materials and / or electrical and / or magnetic parameters.If necessary, the device can be supplemented with one or more filters upstream or downstream, for example. Optionally, further permanent magnets 61 can be arranged on the chamber 1, e.g. on the outside of the outlet pipe 9. The chamber 1 is preferably encased in a protective housing from which only the ends of the inlet pipe 7 and the outlet pipe 9 protrude (not shown). The protective housing is electrically conductive and can, for example, be electrically connected to earth potential. The protective housing can, for example, comprise several, in particular five, side walls, none of which is arranged parallel to another. These side walls are preferably made coherently as an extruded profile made of aluminum. The electronic control 41 can, for example, be arranged partially or completely in or on this housing. One or more control elements such as a membrane keyboard with one or more control buttons and optionally a display device are preferably arranged on the outside of this housing.At least one of the operating elements enables switching on and off and / or the selection of one of several possible predetermined operating modes which differ, for example, through different maximum electrode currents. FIG. 8 shows a perspective illustration of a longitudinal section of a further device. It differs from that in Figure 1 in particular in that the wall of each of the chamber sections 13a, 13b has an insertion opening 71, that each holder 17 comprises a cover plate 73 and a sealing element 74, with which the respective insertion opening 71 can be tightly closed, and that three plate-shaped electrodes on each holder 17 15a and 15b protrude parallel to one another. FIG. 9 shows the chamber section 13a, and FIG. 10 shows a cross section of the holder 17 with the three electrodes 15a, 15a ', 15a ". The thickness of the central electrode 15a' is preferably of the order of magnitude of about 1mm to about 6mm and can in particular be about 2mm or about 4mm It is preferably about twice as large as that of the outer electrodes 15a, 15a ″. The distances L4 between two adjacent electrodes 15a, 15a 'or 15a', 15a "are essentially the same. A first contact screw 77 is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the central electrode 15a 'through a lateral bore in the holder 17 and through a corresponding bore in the outer electrode 15a. In an analogous manner, a second contact screw 79 is electrically conductively connected to the two outer electrodes 15a, 15a "through a further lateral bore in the holder 17 and through a corresponding bore in the middle electrode 15a ' Fastening technology is connected to the first chamber section 13a, the contact screws 77, 79 are electrically conductively connected to contact tongues 81 on the outside of the wall of the chamber section 13a. These contact tongues can be connected to the controller 43 via connecting lines electrically insulating plastic, for example made of POM-C. This also applies to other parts, in particular the adapters 11a, 11b and the carriers 17.As can be seen from FIG. 11, the upstream adapter 11a comprises two screws or pins 83 protruding from the outside into the flow space, sealed against the wall of the adapter 11a and optionally electrically insulated Measured variables such as the flow rate and / or the conductivity of the water flowing into the chamber 1 can detect.In the embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 8, the connections of the chamber sections 13a, 13b and the adapters 11a, 11b are preferably designed as plug connections with suitable sealing elements. The plugged-together parts are arranged within a preferably polygonal profile housing 90 and secured to this profile housing 90 by end plates 91 with openings 93.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. A device for treating a flow of water, comprising a chamber (1) delimited by a wall with an inlet opening (3) and an outlet opening (5) which has a main flow direction (P1) for the inlet opening (3) flowing in and the outlet opening ( 5) define outflowing water, and at least one electrolysis device with two electrodes (15a, 15b) which are arranged at a distance from one another in the chamber (1), characterized in that an additional swirl device between the inlet opening (3) and the outlet opening (5) is arranged with at least one nozzle (45) for swirling the water flow in the chamber (1).
    [2]
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the swirl device is arranged downstream between the electrodes (15a, 15b) and the outlet opening (5).
    [3]
    3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each nozzle (45) on the inflow side comprises a cylinder jacket (51) which delimits a swirl space, that the cylinder jacket (51) is closed on the inflow side by an inflow cap (55) and on the outflow side a Has outlet opening (57), and that the cylinder jacket (51) has at least one through inlet bore (53).
    [4]
    4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that several nozzles (45) are arranged on a nozzle carrier (47), and that the nozzle carrier (47) is installed in the chamber (1) so that the water flow is divided into partial flows is divided, which flow through the inlet bores (53) into the vortex chambers, and are reunited after exiting through the outlet openings (57).
    [5]
    5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a magnet arrangement comprises at least one magnet (61) which is arranged on the at least one nozzle (45) or on the outside of the outlet pipe (9).
    [6]
    6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that a plurality of magnets (61) are arranged peripherally to the swirl chamber on an outflow-side section of each nozzle (45).
    [7]
    7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each electrolysis device comprises a holder (17) which lies tightly against the inside of the wall of an associated chamber section (13a, 13b) and is connected to this wall, or which is a sealing element (74) for sealing an insertion opening (71) of this wall, and that the holder (17) holds the associated electrodes (15a, 15b) at a mutual distance (L4) from one another, such that the holder (17) and the electrodes (15a, 15b) form a delimitation of the flow channel in the interior of the chamber section (13a, 13b).
    [8]
    8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that electrodes (15a) of a first electrolysis device made of fine silver are arranged in a first chamber section (13a) and electrodes (15b) of a further electrolysis device made of fine copper or vice versa, or in a further chamber section (13b) that at least two electrodes (15a) made of different materials are arranged in the first chamber section (13a).
    [9]
    9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the electrodes (15a, 15b) of each electrolysis device are electrically connected to an associated voltage source (39a, 39b), each of these voltage sources (39a, 39b) is designed to have a Provide voltage with alternating polarity according to a predetermined pattern.
    [10]
    10. A method for treating a water flow, wherein the water flow is passed through a chamber (1), at least two electrodes (15a, 15b) of an electrolysis device being arranged in this chamber (1), characterized in that the electrodes (15a, 15b ) this electrolysis device is supplied with a voltage of alternating polarity, so that particles of the electrode material are released into the water flow due to this voltage, and that the water flow is passed through at least one nozzle (45) of a swirl device in which the particles are mixed.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CH717225A2|2021-09-15|
    CH717196A2|2021-09-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH00267/20A|CH717196A2|2020-03-06|2020-03-06|Apparatus and method for treating a stream of water.|PCT/EP2021/054680| WO2021175694A1|2020-03-06|2021-02-25|Device and method for treating a flow of water|
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